Water impacts the quality of a wide range of products: chemicals, medicines, lithium-ion batteries, and food. Optimizing the water content present can help maintain product performance, shelf life and ...

Precise water analysis is essential in ensuring pharmaceutical products’ performance, safety, and adherence to regulations. Karl Fischer (KF) titration is a widely used method for water content ...

A common method of quantifying the presence of an analyte in a sample is through titration, remaining relevant for centuries thanks to the simplicity and accuracy of the technique. However, there is ...

The KF reaction is based upon an early reaction called the Bunsen reaction, in which sulfur dioxide is oxidized by iodine with the consumption of water during this oxidation. The original reaction is ...