Industry separates crude oil, natural gas and chemical mixtures into pure products by means of fractionating distillation columns. This process is energy-intensive, but a new type of column structure ...

Croatia’s INA Industrija Nafte DD has added a new fractionation column at the crude distillation unit (CDU) of its 90,000-b/d Rijeka refinery along the northern part of the Adriatic Sea as part of the ...

A distillation tray is used to mix vapors and liquids together. The better the mixing, the more efficiently the tray works. Tray efficiency also depends on two other factors: how well the droplets of ...

MR. ELLIOTT'S monograph forms a useful supplement to his “Distillation Principles,” recently noticed in NATURE. The first five chapters consider the operation of the fractionating column with mixtures ...