For gasoline to be burned in a Pontiac engine, three things need to occur. It must be atomized (broken into small particles), emulsified (mixed with air), and vaporized (changed into a rarefied form).

Understanding the atomization spray process is not only of academic interest but is also important to various industry applications such as combustion, coating, and chemical synthesis. Significant ...

Effervescent atomisation is an innovative twin‐fluid technique in which a small volume of gas is introduced into a liquid stream prior to ejection, promoting the formation of fine, uniformly ...