Music labels and equipment suppliers hope that high-resolution-audio formats, such as DVD-Audio and SACD (Super Audio CD), will be the latest in a string of mostly successful upgrade “pitches” ...

The concept of noise power ratio (NPR) has been around since the early days of frequency division multiplexed (FDM) telephone systems. The NPR is simply a measure of the “quietness” of an unused ...

There is an art to making good measurements. In the ideal case, you want a really sensitive measuring device so that you can measure the smallest of changes to the signal you are interested in. But ...

A Raman spectroscopy system uses a laser to illuminate a target sample and a spectrometer to detect inelastic light scattering. The scattered light is displaced in wavelength from the laser emission ...

Many noise sources can plague high-speed radio-frequency (RF) analog signal chains, making design considerations that much more challenging. Both megahertz and sub-terahertz sampling-rate converters ...

The expanding use and importance of image sensors in safety-critical applications such as automotive and medical devices has transformed noise from an annoyance into a life-threatening problem that ...

One extremely important yet not widely known characteristic of today’s high-performance RF signal analyzers is their use of a range of intermediate frequency (IF) filter bandwidth settings. IF ...