Over the recent weeks here at Hackaday, we’ve been taking a look at the humble transistor. In a series whose impetus came from a friend musing upon his students arriving with highly developed ...

This way, 10 simulations will be run, each with a different resistance value between 1 KOhm and 10 KOhm. As usual, the different behaviors will be studied with the LTspice and ngSpice software.

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward” but ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. The spread of h FE values in a batch of transistors may be wide enough to cause unreliable performance during mass production of a ...